The Swirling Winds of Terrorism as Triad-Anglo-American
Transnational Supra -"Legal" New World Order Governance. This is planned from the
inner echelons of power and then the destruction begins to trickle down and
then comes in torrents. There is no way for the instigators to stop it, they
are owned by the Devil who instigated all of it. The only
chance is for enough Godly people and those of conscience, Christians, and all
men of good will especially Muslims, to throw the yoke off in every way
possible. Begin with fervent prayer to Our Lord Jesus Christ.
The Justice of God: UBS's Offshore Shell Game | Mother Jones
excerpt - read whole article, see link
This pattern of increasing deviation can be used to refine our notion of the American deep state. Initially the deep state can be identified with the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), the creation (invisible at the time) of the National Security Council that facilitated the original Helliwell-CIA-mob connection. With the absorption of OPC into the CIA in 1953, the American deep state ceased for many years to exhibit the relatively coherent and disciplined concentration of authority that one sees in the deep states of Turkey or Italy or Colombia, or at one time in Chile and Argentina. At this stage the American deep state was unified by the economy of drugs but not much else. Its nebulous connection to legitimate power had shrunk to Angleton’s “alternative CIA,” and even this ceased when Angleton was fired in December 1974.
But according to Joseph Trento, the connection was indirectly restored by a “shadow CIA” working for the Safari Club and Saudi intelligence; and by the 1980s this shadow CIA “was not only working for the Israelis but also was involved in covert operations from Central America to Iran.”[177] It is certain that, with the blessing of Casey, – who had his own direct contacts with Rappaport, BCCI, and the global drug connection – Shackley, Khashoggi, and their contacts led to Iran-Contra.[178] At least one member of Shackley’s group, Richard Secord, then created an airline which brought Islamist mujahideen to Afghanistan
This pattern of increasing deviation can be used to refine our notion of the American deep state. Initially the deep state can be identified with the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), the creation (invisible at the time) of the National Security Council that facilitated the original Helliwell-CIA-mob connection. With the absorption of OPC into the CIA in 1953, the American deep state ceased for many years to exhibit the relatively coherent and disciplined concentration of authority that one sees in the deep states of Turkey or Italy or Colombia, or at one time in Chile and Argentina. At this stage the American deep state was unified by the economy of drugs but not much else. Its nebulous connection to legitimate power had shrunk to Angleton’s “alternative CIA,” and even this ceased when Angleton was fired in December 1974.
But according to Joseph Trento, the connection was indirectly restored by a “shadow CIA” working for the Safari Club and Saudi intelligence; and by the 1980s this shadow CIA “was not only working for the Israelis but also was involved in covert operations from Central America to Iran.”[177] It is certain that, with the blessing of Casey, – who had his own direct contacts with Rappaport, BCCI, and the global drug connection – Shackley, Khashoggi, and their contacts led to Iran-Contra.[178] At least one member of Shackley’s group, Richard Secord, then created an airline which brought Islamist mujahideen to Afghanistan
The Justice of God: The arise of the False Prophet and the Son of Perdition: Parousia of Jesus Christ Our Lord: The Rebuilt Temple is the Abomination of Desolation
Palestine Cry: An Interview with Archbishop Makarios III
Palestine Cry: NATO preparing vast disinformation campaign | URGENT
Operation Gladio - Turkish Paramilitaries - Islamization of Balkans & Central Asia - MUST READ ~ HellasFrappe
Operation Gladio - Turkish Paramilitaries - Islamization of Balkans & Central Asia - MUST READ
You will hear how the operation continues through cooperation with terrorists and the Islamization of Central Asia and the Caucasus. From Abdullah Catlı's remarkable life (and death) to the rise of Fethullah Gulen's $25 billion (CIA-supported) Islamic network to the NATO takeover of the Afghan poppy crop in the wake of 9/11, everyone needs to read this article, and if that is not possible, or you are just too lazy to do so, then simply press play on the videos.
But before you do that it should be reminded that HellasFrappe recently featured an article by one of its contributors about the close friendship between the Greek Bishop in Illinois, and the Fethullah Gulen network. In this article our contributor expressed his concern about thisrelationship. Also, while listening to what Sibel Edmonds said about Chicago... and how this city is the A and Z of the Gladio operation, because it is simple to launder money there, you will understand our frustration about the Greek bishop -who is from Illinois- befriending this shady Turkish network.(Read More By Clicking Here)
You don't want to miss a moment of this riveting analysis. After hearing Edmonds expert views, you will have a better understanding of why Yugoslavia was dismantled, why the Arab Spring happened, why there is so much tension in the Middle East and especially why the Eastern Mediterranean and the Caucasus are in the eye of the storm. And most importantly you will find out more about the "dark" Turkish state and why it set Greece a blaze severalsummers ago. (Read more about this by clicking here)
The ultimate goal? Obviously it is the Caucasus region, always has and always will be (or as we have said in a previous article here on HellasFrappe, the "New Silk Road" (Read More By Clicking Here).
PART ONE
Sibel Edmonds begins this mammoth interview with an overview of how Operation Gladio morphed in Turkey. She makes clear that though the field of operations is global, and that she would delve into the former Soviet bloc countries of Central Asia, Turkey was always the most important operation center of Gladio before the fall of the Soviet Union.
(It is believed that the reasons for this are its geographic position, as well as the movement of narcotics -especially heroin, as mentioned in the video).
During the Cold War, behind the Turkish military there was always the para-military or ultra-nationalist groups. These groups had their Godfathers, or "Babas" running drugs. She says you could always tell who these guys were by their looks, many wore little "Hitler" mustaches. What NATO, which was running Operation Gladio, did that was so scandalous was they took these guys out of prison, trained with Turkish military and given passports for the express purpose of running operations. What kind of operations? Drug running, false flag ops, assassinations and murder.
(She of course is referring to the Grey Wolves, or Gryzi Lykoi)
The primary example Edmonds gives of this type of Gladio operative is Abdullah Catlı. He was a major para-military nationalist with a criminal record so notorious he was on Interpol's 10 Most Wanted list.
Arrested in Switzerland during the 80's and placed in a high-security prison, he escaped via a helicopter that was owned by NATO! Catlı (pronounced Chat-lee) next shows up in London in 1989 where he is granted UK citizenship! Next he comes to the United States, specifically Chicago in 1990-1991 where he is given a green card.
There are dozens of exits and entrances from America indicating his participation in the kind of nefarious operations listed above, but because he carries 4 or 5 diplomatic passports, he has immunity to do whatever he wants.
In 1995, Catlı travels to Azerbaijan from Chicago and attempts to assassinate President Aliyev. The attempt fails to kill Aliyev, but succeeds in Catlı's real goal: making Aliyev loyal to US/NATO. Prior to the assassination attempt, Aliyev was loyal to Russia but had a terrible weakness ripe for exploitation: he had big debts with casinos.
Following the assassination attempt, Aliyev became pro-US, so with his mission accomplished, Catlı went back to Chicago and became heavily involved with organizing terror operations in an area of West China known as Turkestan.
Then Edmonds explains the dirty details of Catlı's death and the scandal that erupted from it.
During the period 1994-1996, there was a debate within NATO that was focused on how to proceed with Operation Gladio in having Soviet bloc nations on our side.
According to her, there were two options:
1) Continue like before the fall of the Soviet Union or
2) Proceed like with the Balkans and Afghanistan.
Edmonds can not confirm, however whether or not the decision to proceed with option 2 occurred before Catlı's death or as a result of it. Interestingly the enormity of the scandal in the wake of his death more or less forced NATO's hand to move into that direction.
In 1996, Catlı was killed in a major car crash in Susurluk, Turkey, but he was not the only big name involved in this crash.
(Remember an article we featured on HellasFrappe in 2012 about the fires on the
Also in the car with him was the chief of police, a powerful member of Parliament and Catlı's lover, a former beauty queen. Before the details could be covered up, local police had confirmed the event and local media reported it.
The subsequent investigations exposed what is called the Deep State: That killings were done for the state and drug runnings were done by the state.
The fear within the US/NATO was that our role in this would come out, state secrets would be exposed. You know how people in the US scream "9/11!" to protest a cover-up and/or conspiracy?
Edmonds says that in Turkey people scream "Susurluk!" to protest the cover-up there.
The US Ambassador to Turkey Marc Grossman was pulled even though he still had 1-2 years left to serve. Also pulled was someone who figured directly in Sibel Edmonds' termination from the FBI, Major Douglas Dickerson, who directed Gladio in Khazakstan and Turkmenistan.
Another big blow was the chief guy in the Turkish military was pulled who was in charge of "counter-terror", i.e. false-flag operations.
At this point in 1997, NATO went ahead with the plans to change to what Edmonds calls Gladio B.
Plan B would no longer involve paramilitary, ultra-nationalist groups. Instead they would go with Islamic factions, the Mujahadeen.
Some of these ultra-nationalist, paramilitary groups went rogue in some very interesting ways which Edmonds will detail later. There was quite a bit of uncertainty at the time in Turkey as to how the evolution of Operation Gladio would proceed. But in the aftermath of Catlı's death, it appears they did have a leader in mind.
That leader was Fethullah Gulen.
An Islamic preacher who has been called "moderate", his message is similar to other Turkish preachers in calling for bringing Islamic brothers together, but is unique in that it is not nationalistic, but inclusive of other Central Asian nations. But his movement was not particularly well liked by the Turkish military, so after receiving threats from them, he went to Washington, D.C.
He now heads a billion(s) dollar organization through which 350 mosques and madrassahs have opened! But there's a catch if you want to join: You must learn English. And listen to this... All "English teachers" are given diplomatic passports!
Edmonds also lists another big player in the Gladio B network, Yusuf Turani. He was actually given US citizenship in 1997 and called the President of Turkestan in absentia. Again, Turkestan is an area of West China known as the Xinjiang province.
But another relationship NATO had was with a name more familiar: Ayman al-Zawahiri. Known as the "brains" behind al-Qaeda in many circles, Edmonds says that NATO through Gladio worked closely with Zawahiri and Bin Laden. From 1997-2001, Plan B of Gladio included dozens of operations with Mujahadeen. Edmonds points out that during this time they were never called al-Qaeda within official circles, always Mujahadeen.
NATO asked President Mubarak of Egypt (where Zawahiri is originally from) to release anti-regime people (friends of Zawahiri) who they had tasks for in Turkey. During this time, Zawahiri had come to Turkey, but was also working in Albania and Kosovo.
Edmonds mentions an interesting fact regarding the FBI: they keep tabs on all countries (their diplomatic arms) through monitoring (i.e. wiretapping) except four.
These four countries are:
1) Turkey
2) Azerbaijan
3) United Kingdom and
4) Belgium, (the seat of NATO).
The Cold War within the context of a "war over resources" didn't end. The ultimate prize, as Zbigniew Brzezinski wrote in The Grand Chessboard, is Central Asia.
So then 9/11 happens. What's the official reaction? Edmonds characterizes it as the US saying "our partners", those we did joint operations with, did it. And of course we had nothing to do with it. It's one of the oldest games in the UK we've now learned: "Use Islam to get what you want!"
Edmonds then goes into the role that drugs played. One of the reasons Belgium is one of the four countries not being monitored is that it is "extremely important" in the distribution of heroin. She notes that while many sites write about the Taliban getting rid of heroin prior to 9/11, this is not quite the whole story. The Taliban cut production from 2000-2001, but did not relinquish control. The Taliban was in charge of Afghanistan since 1996, and from 1996-2000, there was no slack in heroin production.
Until 9/11, the majority of heroin operations were by Russia, an estimated 70-80% under Russian control. After 9/11 that control shifts to NATO. With their takeover of the Afghan poppy, production skyrockets.
Edmonds ends Part One of the interview mentioning that Gladio operations were linked to Chechnyan operations and that in the wake of the transition to Gladio B, many ultra-nationalists defected to Russia. (And here is where the story becomes even more interesting).
PART TWO
In this continuing series of synopsizing the Sibel Edmonds interviews on The Corbett Report and providing my own analysis as I did in last week's blog post, I think it's important to provide a link to an analysis by Sibel herself at her website, Boiling Frogs Post. She provides the connections linking Afghan heroin business with "cargo" transportation through Azerbaijan and the Balkans in an informative and entertaining way. I also want to encourage everyone interested to read Classified Woman, just written last year, where Sibel tells her whole story.
Part Two Synopsis: In the second part of this interview, James Corbett starts out mentioning a couple recent news reports to provide a starting point. First, he points out a story regarding the February 2013 US Embassy bombing in Ankara, Turkey from the Times of Israel where they describe the bombers as leftist radicals who "didn't get the memo" that the Cold War ended.
Sibel Edmonds responds to this by saying that whenever Turkish media or the Turkish government use the word "leftist", that's kind of a code word for Russia, who has been demonized specifically for their aid to Assad in Syria. She then directs the conversation to another recent event, the arrest of Osama bin Laden's son-in-law, Suleyman Abu Ghaith.
Reputed to be one of the top five al-Qaeda leaders and number two spokesperson, the rumor was that he had been located in Iran. But Edmonds reminds us that Iran has never had any relations with al-Qaeda.
She refers to certain geographical areas that have activity, but not state sanction, they are kind of a "no-man's land" where al-Qaeda has operated, specifically Baluchistan. This region of Baluchistan has also been very important for the United States, mentioned in Part One, we really don't hear to much in the media, but there is quite a lot of terror activity. But while rumors circulated for years about Abu Ghaith and Zawahiri being imprisoned in Iran, he officially resurfaced in February of this year with his arrest in Turkey, where he had been "hiding" in a penthouse suite of a 5 star hotel just blocks from the Presidential Palace. Supposedly notified about this development by the CIA, he was held and interrogated, but the Turkish police could find no evidence he had done anything to Turkey, so initially they refused to extradite him and the CIA was OK with this!
At this point, Corbett interjects that this is the same CIA that has no problem kidnapping other terror suspects, flying them to other countries to be tortured, but not bin Laden's son-in-law!
Edmonds points out that this is similar to the pattern established with Yassin al-Qadi, associated with the Ptech scandal. Just after 9/11, he left the US and spent 6-8 months in Albania, then went to Turkey.
The US asked for him to be extradited because he was on their terror blacklist connected with 9/11, but Turkey refused because they had no evidence he had done anything wrong to them. He currently resides in the UK and has cleared himself from terror blacklists there, as well as in Switzerland and the EU.
Corbett points out how the US originally tried to prosecute him during the late 90's with the FBI investigation called Operation Vulgar Betrayal. Edmonds relates how both Robert Wright and John Vincent, FBI agents connected with this case, are now members of her organization National Security Whistle Blowers Coalition (NSWBC).
She explains how the US government (CIA, State Department and White House) forced this investigation that Wright and Vincent were spearheading to shut down. In fact, as a direct result from this pressure, the FBI said the 9/11 Commission was not allowed to interview Wright! Vincent went directly to the 9/11 Commission to present their investigation that would have lead to 9/11.
This investigation had been centered in Chicago, which Edmonds points out she keeps mentioning Chicago because where Gladio B is concerned, a lot of the operational and logistics were done from Chicago. She describes it as the "easiest" city for money laundering.
The United States actually has an office in the Pentagon for Gladio operations. It isn't called Gladio B, but it is a designated section in the Pentagon, the physical office also dealt with the previous Gladio operations.
Starting a few days after 9/11 when she was hired by the FBI, Edmonds goes into the tasks she was assigned tracking terror suspects, meeting a quota of how many terror arrests they could publicize, yet Qadi was not detained prior to his departure in October 2001. But a lot of Qadi's operations spill over to white collar crime investigations in Chicago. Because Edmonds was asked by FBI agent Joel Roberts to translate documents pertaining to these investigations as well as crimes involving the Chicago network of Abdullah Catlı, covered in Part One, she was in a unique position to connect the dots with the Operation Vulgar Betrayal investigation.
Getting back to Qadi's Albanian connection, Edmonds explains that the biggest focus of the Gladio B operatives from the early to late 90's was the Balkans. This includes not only Qadi and Catlı's networks, but also the Fethullah Gulen network discussed in Part One.
At this time, many Albanians coming into Chicago were some of the "most ferocious and strongest" mafia operators in the US. Even Italians wouldn't mess with these guys. The FBI set up major arrests that would consistently be thwarted because the State Department would tell them these guys had diplomatic immunity! Why did they do this? Time magazine's 2002 person of the year, FBI whistleblower Colleen Rowley believes that it's because there were too many moles in the FBI, that the CIA had penetrated the FBI on behalf of the State Department.
The CIA-State Department would "tip off informants" in cases known to the NSWBC of impending sting operations by the FBI. This was really the big underlying problem that Edmonds had to deal with during her employment as an FBI translator. It was not the bureaucratic nobody Mike Feghali that she mentions in her book, it was the CIA-State Department moles within the FBI.
After her termination from the FBI, Edmonds put the pieces of the puzzle together with her NSWBC organization. She knew the 9/11 Commission was "bull" because of all the facts that were intentionally omitted from their report. Time person of the year Colleen Rowley was not even going to be interviewed by the Commission. Rowley, Wright, Vincent; these were all agents 20+ years on the force.
Edmonds then went to the media to protest this oversight. She was able to tell her story to the Commission through a SCIF (Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility) so that no operatives identities would be compromised. All of these agents she mentioned, as well as Tony Shaffer of Operation Able Danger went on record saying there was a huge 9/11 cover-up!
While this may seem like a clear case of Bush administration malfeasance to many, Edmonds clarifies that many of these investigations were stymied during the late 90's, which would implicate the Clinton administration as well. It is this last point that Americans find especially hard to digest because we US citizens are conditioned to think along the lines of a black hat/white hat mentality.
It's so much easier to be partisan rather than dig deeper to find the darker truth that intersects across party lines. The classic example is the story of Watergate and how it was covered by Bob Woodward and the Washington Post. That story seems pretty clear-cut, but if they really got Watergate, why didn't they get Iran/contra? Or did they really get Watergate? It seems from Sibel Edmonds perspective that when you really get the story, the way Gary Webb did with Iran/contra, you don't become a multi-millionaire entrenched in the system like Woodward, you get marginalized like Webb.
Corbett concurs, noting that the Watergate burglary was purposely screwed up and Woodward had the story handed to him on a silver platter.
Corbett wraps up Part Two addressing some viewers questions. Were the Gladio B transition plans in existence before Susurluk? Edmonds says yes, pointing out how our relationship with the Mujahadeen started in the 1980's in Afghanistan. These religious relationships existed, but were on the periphery and not the focal point of Operation Gladio. They were operating through CIA and British intelligence, but it was not until after Susurluk that it became part of NATO and Gladio operations.
Another question: how do we know Grossman and Dickerson being pulled from Turkey was connected with Susurluk? While so much is classified where proof is concerned, Edmonds was part of an FBI investigation directly focused on Grossman. While his high profile job was the #3 guy (at the time she investigated him at FBI) at the State Department, his real job was always with NATO/Gladio operations. Same thing with Dickerson: NATO got him out of US into Brussels.
FBI Counter-Intelligence has established this; their file on Grey Wolves (Turkish paramilitary) was turned to Gladio B. That's why these operations had to be stopped by the State Department and Pentagon: it steps on their operations through NATO!
The final question concerns Ergenekon trials in Turkey: are they a US backed operation to replace secular government with more compliant capitalists? Edmonds says yes, 100%, the Turkish military "can't even pee" without permission from the United States. It's that way everywhere, even Iran, why did the Shah fall? The US felt it was time, he was "fair game".
(Edmonds hates the Shah BTW, he tortured her father!)
So what is happening in Turkey is all with a US green light.
Edmonds concludes Part Two by saying the worst, self-destructive element of the 9/11 Truth movement is this divisiveness over LIHOP (Let It Happen On Purpose) vs. MIHOP (Made It Happen On Purpose). She doesn't know how much is caused by planted elements or just naturally misguided viewpoints. But we must stop the semantics. You've got to get rid of the old conditioning, the black hat/white hat mentality, and do your own research!
(Click here to go on to part 3, and part 4)
References
https://deeppoliticsforum.com/forums/showthread.php?11142-Corbett-Report-256-Gladio-Revisited/page2
http://americanjudas.blogspot.gr/2013/03/synopsizing-sibel-edmonds-evolution-of.html
http://americanjudas.blogspot.gr/2013/03/synopsizing-sibel-edmonds-evolution-of_13.html
Operation Gladio - Turkish Paramilitaries - Islamization of Balkans & Central Asia - FINAL - MUST READ
It is vital that you read Part 1, and Part 2 before reading this article and this is because you need to get a good understanding of the background before digesting what is said in Part 3, and Part 4.(Please Click Here For More)
Gladio is not really about "anti-communist stay behind armies" it is more about "The Strategy of Tension". It involves operations that are in isolation from one another, performing drug trafficking, money laundering, sabotage, assassinations and bombings. Many of the individuals involved are hardened ruthless killers, recruited from mafia or extremist organisations, sometimes even spirited out of prison. Key individuals are given every conceivable form of protection, as if they are invisible, such as diplomatic immunity to move freely with their wares across borders, immunity from prosecution because the grunts are called off and are literally untouchable.
You will hear how the operation continues through cooperation with terrorists and the Islamization of Central Asia and the Caucasus. From Abdullah Catlı's remarkable life (and death) to the rise of Fethullah Gulen's $25 billion (CIA-supported) Islamic network to the NATO takeover of the Afghan poppy crop in the wake of 9/11, everyone needs to read this article, and if that is not possible, or you are just too lazy to do so, then simply press play on the videos.
But before you do that it should be reminded that HellasFrappe recently featured an article by one of its contributors about the close friendship between the Greek Bishop in Illinois, and the Fethullah Gulen network. In this article our contributor expressed his concern about this relationship. Also, while listening to what Sibel Edmonds said about Chicago... and how this city is the A and Z of the Gladio operation, because it is simple to launder money there, you will understand our frustration about the Greek bishop -who is from Illinois- befriending this shady Turkish network.(Read More By Clicking Here)
You don't want to miss a moment of this riveting analysis. After hearing Edmonds expert views, you will have a better understanding of why Yugoslavia was dismantled, why the Arab Spring happened, why there is so much tension in the Middle East and especially why the Eastern Mediterranean and the Caucasus are in the eye of the storm. And most importantly you will find out more about the "dark" Turkish state and why it set Greece a blaze severalsummers ago. (Read more about this by clicking here)
The ultimate goal? Obviously it is the Caucasus region, always has and always will be (or as we have said in a previous article here on HellasFrappe, the "New Silk Road" (Read More By Clicking Here).
Part Three
Part Three Synopsis: James Corbett gets the ball rolling by highlighting an incident that may be unfamiliar to most Americans called the "Hood Event". Sibel Edmonds proceeds to give the "original version" of what happened in July of 2003 in Iraq. Subsequent MSM reports in the US describe it as a "misunderstanding" where a bunch of US colonels in Northern Iraq busted an operation center on an unexplained "tip" filled with high ranking Turkish officers in plainclothes. They put hoods on their heads, shackled them and imprisoned them. There was a huge diplomatic uproar from NATO ally Turkey; within 24 hours they were released. Much confusion exists over why this happened.
Edmonds provides a context for understanding this from her translation work in the FBI focused on targets of an investigation: months before 9/11, there were conversations between high-level State Department and Pentagon officials and the Turkish government, both in the US and in Turkey. You're looking at some very big US names in these conversations: Brent Scowcroft, Richard Perle and Paul Wolfowitz. They were discussing Iraq; the US and UK had already decided and were preparing plans to invade Iraq. Before 9/11! They needed Turkey's backing, but without their direct involvement on the ground in Iraq. With a "butler" country like Turkey, they wanted compensation beyond money: they originally wanted Northern Iraq for both the oil and control of the Kurds. US balked, both because they didn't want their NATO ally bombing the Kurds to the Stone Age, but also because Israel had a deal already working with Kurdish commandos to have a base for the express purpose of spying on Iran. All this was being discussed in July/August 2001! Turkey's reaction was screw you, you don't get to use our bases. This was a disappointment to the US, but they went ahead with their plans anyway.
While it may sound surprising to hear Israel involved in pre-planning for the Iraq invasion, Edmonds points out that Israel knows how to play both sides. Israel did a lot to arm Turkey to fight the Kurds, next to the US, Turkey bows down the most to Israel. But some were still upset that Israel got the Northern Iraq base instead of Turkey. So a fraction of the more nationalistic Turkish generals decided to get some high-level military intelligence and commandos and establish a base nearby to spy on the Israelis as well as identify the high-level Kurds for assassination! Now because there is such extreme compartmentalization where not everyone in the Pentagon knows about Operation Gladio, when the US military in the region got the tip from the Kurds that there was this base conducting terror attacks, they busted them not realizing they were Gladio generals from Turkey! So even though they weren't supposed to be there, because it looked bad for the US to be arresting military officers from their NATO ally, they let them go. The US media then downplayed the incident, but it created a huge uproar in Turkey, inspiring the big budget (for Turkey) film Valley of the Wolves: Iraq, which fired up anti-US sentiment in Turkey.
All of this was part of the Gladio transition from A to B, which wasn't always a neat transition, in fact the head Turkish general in charge of the Hood Event team was forced to retire. In 2002, there was a switch in Turkish government to the AKP under Erdoğan. There was concern that the Gladio generals were becoming a huge liability to the US and they wanted the new Turkish government to take care of them, either through arrests or assassinations. This is when some of the Plan A operatives (nationalists, Grey Wolves) began leaving for Russia. Being under threat of arrest or assassination in their home country, they got political asylum; both parties looking at the situation as "the enemy of my enemy is my friend". In return, they were able to supply Russia with information on Chechnya. These Turkish Gladio A Generals then trained Russian FSB (intelligence, the successor to the KGB) and in 2003 and 2004, there were quite a number of assassinations of Chechnyan leaders in Istanbul! There were many assassinations abroad that received a lot of international media coverage, but very little in America. Russia understands what's happening with Gladio, though they have yet to play that card internationally yet.
Corbett then directs the conversation back to Israel, though Edmonds was planning on revisiting that topic as well. Israel is fully aware of Operation Gladio Plan B, if you look at some of the players, Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle, Doug Feith and Marc Grossman, of course they're aware! Many of these players may have Israeli diplomatic passports. Edmonds believes it's very important to look at the relationship between Israel and Azerbaijan. There were several false-flag operations where there were a number of arrests of Iranian assassins supposedly trying to assassinate Israeli diplomats - in Azerbaijan. She points out there is agreat deal of military cooperation between Israel and Azerbaijan such as the sale of drones. There is a similar arrangement with the Kurds that she elaborates on.
Edmonds transitions into an account of Huseyin Baybasin, "Europe's Pablo Escobar". He was a huge heroin dealer arrested in the UK in 2001 and sent to Holland. His attorney contacted her saying there were similarities with their cases she could help with. Baybasin claimed he was on the state payroll for the Turkish government and that he conducted heroin operations (distribution to UK and US) under state actors. So she went along with an anonymous journalist for a meeting with the attorney which also included members of his clan who are Kurdish. The journalist pointed out what a contradiction it was for them to be supporting Israel since the Israelis were selling weapons that Turkey was using against the Kurds. But the Kurds said they were OK with that arrangement. Ultimately, Edmonds was not able to help the attorney. But the conversation certainly illuminates the situation with Turkey, Israel and the Kurds in the context of Turkey's bombing of the Kurds in Northern Iraq, which occurred after the US withdrawal.
Corbett then asks some viewer questions. He asks if she knows about Olaf Palme, but she has no information. Then the question of what Ayman al-Zawahiri is all about comes up. She reiterates the FBI file started in 1996 running past 9/11 tracking "mujahadeen"; never referred to as al-Qaeda, and many of his operations were not connected with bin Laden. During this time, you have Zawahiri in Turkey a lot, in Bulgaria working with the Turkish arm of NATO and with NATO, and in Azerbaijan meeting with a US military attache. He even had several meetings in Baku, Azerbaijan in 1997 and 1998 where in addition to high-level NATO officials there were a couple high-level Saudis (on behalf of intelligence and the embassy) in attendance. Edmonds points out there were several Bin Ladens working with the Saudi embassy in the US as well as Fethullah Gulen, whose network was detailed in Part One. She also details how Zawahiri was arrested in Russia. He was carrying a laptop computer filled with US/NATO operations that Zawahiri was carrying out for the US/NATO. But he was let go because the FSB couldn't translate the files, which is a pretty flimsy excuse for the former KGB! But whatever the truth is about what Russia has on Zawahiri, there's no question he was a major actor in Gladio B and Edmonds has been led to believe Zawahiri is currently either in Dagestan or Azerbaijan.
Finally, while Corbett tries to ascertain Zawahiri's motive from his background, Edmonds concurs his background is very muddy. He supposedly had a hand in Sadat's assassination, yet he's been jailed and released so many times in Egypt, where executions and "disappearances" of real enemies of the state were commonplace, it's hard to buy the validity of that claim. Edmonds then segues into the story of Ali Mohamed, "one of the most important actors" of Gladio Plan B. He was a military officer in Egypt who then went to America and joined the Green Berets! He was sent to a high-security jail in Colorado in 1998, but the transcipts for his court hearing are classified. Even the details of his sentencing are classified, though we do know the prosecutor was the same Chicago prosecutor of the Brewster/Jennings case! Edmonds asked the author of Triple Cross, Peter Lance, who is the only journalist to write about Mohamed whether he has actually seen Mohamed. He hasn't. Nobody has seen Ali Mohamed, in court, in prison, anywhere. This is Hosni Mubarak's military man who carried clearance in the US, this is Osama bin Laden's personal bodyguard! As Edmonds chillingly puts it, "You are looking at a ghost".
Part Four
Part Four Synopsis: James Corbett returns to one of the subjects of Part Three, Huseyin Baybasin, described as "Europe's Pablo Escobar", part of the Gladio network. He wondered, since the topic grew out of a discussion they were having on Israel, how they factored into the subject of narcotics. Sibel Edmonds explains that while the subject of Israel came up in the last interview in the context of the Hood Event, she does not have any information on narcotics connections with Israel, but there were a lot of illegal activities by Israelis monitored by her (along with Pakistanis and Turkish targets) while at the FBI that included black market nuclear proliferation and espionage related. Getting back to Huseyin Baybasin, she reviews her experience form Part Three and on the subject of drug dealers tied to Gladio brings up someone who worked for Abdullah Çatlı, who was detailed in Part One. His name is Yaşar Öz, (pronounce Ya-sher Erz) and he was also a major operative for Gladio Plan A. In 1996 and 1997, Öz brought Afghan heroin through Europe to the United States. During his last trip, he was arrested in New Jersey as part of a FBI/DEA bust with several kilos. While at the New Jersey office for interrogation, he found a way to escape, then flew from JFK Airport to Turkey 1st class! What really happened? Upon arrest, the news went to the State Department and the FBI/DEA was told Öz has diplomatic immunity, including a special NATO ID!
Edmonds then details the hierarchy of Çatlı being Öz's boss, and that Çatlı's boss was Mehmet Ağar, who was police chief at the time of Çatlı's death; Ağar's boss would be higher-ups in NATO. This runs counter to the popular media meme that the Taliban stopped heroin production when they came into power in 1996, which didn't actually occur until 2000. We tried to be friends with the Taliban then, overlooking human rights abuses because we were after "Pipelinestan", to connect with Caspian oil. After the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, the relationship didn't end because of the opium poppy. During the 90's, a lot of heroin processing was done by the Russian mafia, just some was done by Turkish/NATO forces. Edmonds says, "Don't quote me on the percentage" but if you throw out a rough number, it would be 70% Russians, 30% Turks. The processing in mass quantities was something that could not be done in Afghanistan. In 1996 and 1997, many of the Turkish labs were moved to pro-NATO Central Asian countries, specifically Azerbaijan. She points out that there are huge amounts of heroin coming to the US through official channels. Some people might dismiss this as conspiracy theory, but those who would say heroin being imported through Andrews Air Force Base is a conspiracy theory are the same who dismiss Iran/contra, in spite of overwhelming documentation, as a conspiracy theory.
Corbett then notes how US involvement in the Afghan narcotics market actually pre-dates the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, specifically with Operation Cyclone through their support of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, an Afghan warlord/drug lord. All of this history has been documented by Alfred McCoy, showing the parallels with the Golden Triangle and Golden Crescent, such as the increase in narcotics production in Vietnam and Laos with the entry of US/NATO/CIA which happened as well with Afghanistan. This happens because it's such a lucrative market, there's intense competition, which Edmonds brings back to Russian mafia involvement post-9/11. During this period, Russian share of drug profits went down, while US/NATO share of profits went up. Russia's response has been to publicize the enormous amount of heroin addicts in their country, MPs and generals have come out against NATO's dominance of the market, so now they want a deal to "eradicate" the opium poppy. "What a joke", Edmonds says, though part of what they say is true, regarding the high number of addicts, (reminiscent of the Opium Wars in China) Russia doesn't want eradication where the narcotics market is concerned, they just want a bigger piece of the action! She then highlights a specific incident documenting NATO involvement: Willem Matser, a NATO general active in Romania, was arrested by Dutch police for money laundering in a $15-20 million cocaine deal for a drug cartel. Through some "Kafkaesque court process" with NATO generals coming in and out of court, he's released 6-7 months later! Not one American media outlet reported this.
The charge for Matser was actually laundering $200 million for drug lords like Mohammed Kadem and Pietro Fedino, Corbett interjects. He then asks what is the difference between "accidental" arrests of folks like Matser and Yaşar Öz, who are later released, and Huseyin Baybasin who is still in prison. Edmonds' take on this is that some people stay within the system but that some people get hubris. Sometimes it happens with heads of state, like Qaddafi or Saddam, but where Baybasin is concerned there is also the ethnic aspect; he is Kurdish and as discussed in Part Three, the Kurds are used on all sides. Her hypothesis is that with the Turkish government wanting to extradite him from Holland to Turkey, and Baybasin dead set against that, some deal was made.
This massive narcotics market cannot occur without massive money laundering, which Corbett brings up in the context of First Merchant Bank. There is quite a lot of information on this bank that has been made public, but also some specific to cases Edmonds handled at the FBI. First Merchant first came up during the Susurluk scandal discussed in Part One. It was the main bank used by NATO/CIA/Mafia, including head of states in Turkey for the Cyprus branch. Cyprus was the top center for money laundering, drugs and weapons smuggling. Cyprus is one of three major centers for financing illegal (drugs, weapons, terror) operations; the other two are Dubai and the Cayman Islands. This aspect concerns money that came back to the US revolving around characters Sibel Edmonds posted pictures of to show why she had the States Secret gag and who in the US was being protected by it. Bob Livington was Speaker of the House until scandals forced him to resign in 1999. He was replaced by Dennis Hastert, who had an article about him in Vanity Fair before he left. When Dan Burton was a Congressman, he played the same role as Hastert for these Gladio operations and CIA black ops involving Zawahiri and bin Laden! What is Congress' role in all this? They fund these black ops (supplementing the funds from drugs, weapons, etc.) through Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). These NGOs have "noble" aims like improving prison conditions in Kazakhstan, but in reality the money was used to fund al-Qaeda!
Here's how the process originated: in the 1990's, the CIA and State Department set it up so that NGOs, with Congressional approval, would give "grants" so that roads in other countries could be improved, prisons, education, etc. These were funds in the range of 10s of millions of dollars rubber-stamped by CIA-aligned Congresspeople. Turkey even noted in the late 90's that these NGOs were not building roads but that madrassahs were being built, but with the CIA controlling the heads of Congressional committees that this concerned, there was no investigation. When Bob Livingston resigned in 1999, he became the official foreign lobbyist for Turkey and the Cayman Islands, making tens of millions of dollars. This is a pattern; when Dan Burton, who scratched India or Pakistan's back while in Congress, resigned, he becomes lobbyist for India or Pakistan. Same situation for Dennis Hastert: after the Vanity Fair article comes out exposing his connection with Sibel Edmonds' case, he leaves Congress and receives $3.5 million a year to lobby for Turkey. This happens not so much because they served the government of those particular countries, but because they served the CIA-State Department's illegal operations in Central Asian Caucuses via Islamization. Edmonds states they were fully aware in the 90's that these Congressional-approved funds totaling close to one billion dollars went to front companies who then gave it to sub-contractors (such as the American Turkish Council that Edmonds tracked) where nothing visible is produced on the other end, but behind the scenes what was produced was heroin, money laundering, and the training of terrorists.
Getting back to First Merchant Bank, they were the number one bank for al-Qaeda. Long before 9/11, the FBI was regularly reporting their activity with criminal targets to two places, the State Department and Commerce. State Department did nothing during the late 90's through 2001. 9/11 happens and the FBI is livid, demanding this be shut down and that arrests be made. The government shut down a number of banks involved with Palestinian causes, but the Commerce Department did not do anything about First Merchant until 2004! Why? Edmonds believes it was going to take that long (from 9/11 to 2004) for continuing operations to be concluded so they could switch to other banks. There are so many ways to launder money, one way First Merchant operated that caught Edmonds' attention was by converting the funds to government bonds. She's not quite sure exactly how it all worked, but it all falls within money laundering watchdog expertise.
Corbett finds it interesting how it involved the Cyprus branch, because they are famous for being connected to the Russian mafia and Russian oligarchs; Cyprus is actually Russia's largest foreign investor. Edmonds says there are two sides to Cyprus banks, a Greek side and Turkish side. Russia and NATO are both using Cyprus, she believes Russia is probably using the Greek side as US/NATO is using the Turkish side. She finds the intrigue between the two sides fascinating, especially in light of Russia saying they are going to kick out US NGOs. Explaining how the cliche used to be the spies in foreign countries were placed in embassies, she says because everyone knows that it would be the dumbest thing to do now; that's the first place the host nation would look! So for the United States, the number one place we put our top intelligence gathering officers and informants are NGOs. Over 90% of them are the best operation base for the CIA. Again, they use the same technique as the Fethullah Gulen movement mentioned in Part One saying the host country has a need for "English teachers". Those "English teachers" with diplomatic passports - they're spies! Russia knows this game, calls them out, but the NGO response is "we are improving humanity"! What wonderful altruists, never mind the homeless and starving in this country, let's spend money abroad teaching English! The interview concludes with a description of Sibel Edmonds' website Boiling Frogs Post and how to help with their fundraising drive to help remain true to their mission.
References
And questions and CIA and Pyramid and Tsarnaev brothers and Boston
SEE:
Palestine Cry: Reinhard Gehlen the Nazi that invaded all United States of America post World War II Intelligence and corrupted all of it
Palestine Cry: State Sponsored Terrorism
Palestine Cry: Palestine Cry: Palestine Cry: Bugsy Netanyahu’s High-stakes Game in Gaza
Excerpt - (read whole article) DIA is run by the Triad [which see links]. The whole Cuban Missile Crisis and the Sayeret Matkal (Mossad Assassins) Assassination of President John F. Kennedy were for the express purpose of making the DIA the controlling MOB in American M.ilitary-Industrial-O.verseas-Espionage-Terrorism-Drugs-B.lack Operations and making IsraHell (Occupied Palestine) the power center in the Middle East (which is the jumping off point for the Zionists to make it the Capital of the Antichrist's empire).
Palestine Cry: Palestine Cry: Bugsy Netanyahu’s High-stakes Game in Gaza - Includes DIA-Octopus
_________________________________________________________________________________
US and UK Government International Intervention Since 1945: Turkey
Intervention and Exploitation: US and UK Government International Actions Since 1945
Summary
1945-1958: UN joined. US military aid. Operation Gladio. Troops in Korea. NATO joined. US forces stationed. Baghdad Pact. Syria threatened. Operation Cannon-Bone.
1960: Martial law. Army coup
1962: "Cuban Missile Crisis".
1964-1974: Conflict in Cyprus.
1971: US backed coup.
1975-1978: US arms embargo.
1978: IMF harm. Martial law. PKK.1980: US backed coup.Repression.
1984 onwards: PKK attacks.
1987 onwards: Iraq Kurds attacked.
1990: US-led war in Iraq backed.
1994: Repression of Kurds. UK arms.
1997: Vast US military aid.
1999: PKK renounces armed struggle. UK shuts Kurdish TV.
2001: UK arms exports.
2003: Some support for Iraq war.
Turkey
1923:
Assembly declares Turkey a republic and Kemal Ataturk as president. [1]
1925:
Adoption of Gregorian calendar. Prohibition of the fez. [1]
1928:
Turkey becomes secular: clause retaining Islam as state religion removed from constitution. [1]
1938:
November - President Ataturk dies, succeeded by Ismet Inonu. There is mass outpouring of grief at the death of the popular leader. [1] [16]October - The Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact of August prompts Turkey to sign a treaty of mutual assistance with Britain and France. [16]
1941:
June - Hedging its bets, the government concludes a nonaggression treaty with Nazi Germany on June 18, just four days before the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. [16]Despite German pressure, Turkey at no time permits the passage of Axis troops, ships, or aircraft through or over Turkey and its waters, and the Montreux Convention is scrupulously enforced in the straits. [16]
1944:
August - Turkey breaks diplomatic relations with Adolf Hitler's government. [16]February - Neutral for most of World War II, Turkey declares war on Germany and Japan, but does not take part in combat. Joins United Nations. [1] [16]
A proposal is entered by former Prime Minister Bayar, Adnan Menderes, and two additional CHP deputies calling for changes in Turkish law to assure the domestic application of the liberties and rights to which the government had ostensibly subscribed by accepting the principles of the UN Charter. When the proposal is disallowed, its four proponents leave the CHP and resign their seats in the assembly. Despite the rejection of Menderes's proposal, the government relaxes many wartime controls and agrees to the further democratization of the political process. [16]
1947:
The USA begins to give military aid to Turkey. By the end of fiscal year 1950, over US $200 million in military aid had been received by Turkey, "along with 1,200 US military advisers." Between 1950 and 1979, a further $5.8 billion in official military aid was forthcoming and thousands of personnel received US training. The CIA also started to be active in aiding Turkey's actions against the Kurds. [14] [16]
1949:
A secret paramilitary network called "Operation Gladio" is set up by NATO. It eventually has units in nearly all non-communist European countries including Turkey. It is unclear whether these units were controlled by the national governments or NATO, but from an operational point of view they were controlled by the CIA and other intelligence agencies. The network was not uncovered until 1990. [3] [13] [14] [15]
1950:
Republic's first open elections, won by opposition Democratic Party. Bayar is elected president and names Menderes prime minister. [1] [16]Turkey demonstrates its gratitude for the military aid received from the United States when it sends a brigade of 4,500 troops to serve under the UN command in Korea. [16]
Between 1950 and 1991, the United States provides military assistance valued at US$9.4 billion, of which about US$6.1 billion is in grant form and US$3.3 billion is on a concessional loan basis. [16]
1952:
Turkey abandons Ataturk's neutralist policy and joins Nato. The headquarters of NATO's Allied Land Forces Southeastern Europe (LANDSOUTHEAST) is established at Izmir. In addition, operational bases near Adana are developed for NATO purposes. [1] [16]
1954:
A military facilities agreement with the United States permits the opening of further NATO installations and the stationing of United States forces in Turkey. [16]
1955:
Turkey joins with Britain, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan in the Baghdad Pact, a multilateral defense agreement that becomes the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) after the overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy in 1958. Headquarters for CENTO are moved to Ankara when Iraq withdraws from the alliance. [16]
1957:
The US government ships arms to Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, as part of an attempt to manufacture a confrontation with Syria which had economic ties with the USSR and had bought some military equipment from them. Turkey also moved about 50,000 troops to the Syrian border. [3]
The government places further restrictions on the press and on public assembly in the run up to the elections in October. [16]
1958:
After the revolution in Iraq which overthrew the Hashemite monarchy there, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff draft a plan for a joint US-Turkish invasion of Iraq, called Operation CANNON-BONE. Reportedly only Soviet threats to intervene on Iraq's side force the US government to hold back. [3]
Israel-Turkey relations are established by a visit to Turkey by the Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. [6]When a tour of central Anatolia by CHP leader Inönü in early 1960 becomes the occasion for outbreaks of violence along his route, the Menderes government reacts by suspending all political activity and imposing martial law. [16]
April - Students in Istanbul demonstrating against government policies in defiance of martial law are fired on by police; several are killed. The following week, cadets from the military academy stage a protest march in solidarity with the student movement, thereby bringing an element of the armed forces into confrontation with civilian authorities. [16]
May - Army coup against ruling Democratic Party. Those arrested are charged with abrogating the constitution and instituting a dictatorship. [1] [16]
The coup is accomplished with little violence and is accepted quickly throughout the country. The government is replaced by the Committee of National Unity (CNU), composed of the thirty-eight officers who had organized the coup. The committee acts as supreme authority, appointing a cabinet, initially consisting of five officers and thirteen civilians, to carry out executive functions. The number of civilians in the cabinet, however, is later reduced to three. General Gürsel, who had fought at Gallipoli under Atatürk, temporarily assumes the positions of president, prime minister, and defense minister. At the outset, Gürsel announces that the committee's rule would be of an interim nature and that government will be returned to civilian hands at an early date. [16]
October - The trial of some 600 former government officials and DP functionaries begins on the island of Yassiada in the Bosporus. All but about 100 of those tried are found guilty, and fifteen death sentences are pronounced. Partly in response to public appeals for leniency, the death sentences of former President Bayar and eleven others are commuted to life imprisonment, but Menderes and two former cabinet ministers are hanged. [16]
1961:
May - A new constitution is ratified. This constitution, which creates Turkey's so-called Second Republic, contains a number of substantial departures from the 1924 constitution but continues to embody the principles of Kemalism. The new constitution is approved by 60 percent of the electorate. [16]October - The elections give no party a clear majority, leaving the need for a coalition to be formed. In the end the two leading parties can not agree and an interim government is appointed to serve until the 1965 elections. [16]
During the "Cuban Missile Crisis" the Russian leader Khrushchev offers to withdraw missiles from Cuba if the US withdraws theirs from Turkey. The offer is not accepted. [3]
In a highly provocative gesture as the crisis intensifies, the USA turns over control of the Jupiter nuclear missiles to Turkish command "with ceremonial fanfare". [6]
1963:
Association agreement signed with European Economic Community (EEC). [1]Conflict between the Turkish and Greek communities of Cyprus brings Turkey and Greece close to war. The Greek Cypriots favoured union with Greece whilst the Turkish speaking minority proposed partitioning the island. [16]
1965:
Suleyman Demirel becomes prime minister - a position he is to hold seven times. [1] [16]
1967:
Again conflict between the Turkish and Greek communities of Cyprus brings Turkey and Greece close to war. [16]
The Turkish government does not permit use of bases in Turkey for United States operations during the Arab-Israeli war. [16]
1969:
The AP party wins the elections again and Suleyman Demirel remains prime minister. [16]
1970:
The Demirel government's majority in the Grand National Assembly gradually dissipates after the 1969 general election as factions within the circle of its initial supporters regroup in new political constellations. In 1970 three small rightist parties that had usually cooperated with the government merge as the National Salvation Party (Milli Selamet Partisi--MSP), an explicitly Islamic-oriented party that imposes politically compromising demands on Demirel as the price of their continued support. [16]Some former AP members desert the AP to form the more right-wing Democratic Party. Other, more liberal AP members, dissatisfied with Demirel's concessions to the right, defect from the party and sit as independents. As a result of these shifts, the Demirel government loses its parliamentary majority and, in the eyes of critics, forfeits its right to govern the country. Acts of politically motivated violence and terrorism escalate in frequency and intensity. Unrest is fueled in part by economic distress, perceptions of social inequities, and the slowness of reform, but protest is increasingly directed at Turkey's military and economic ties to the West. [16]
March - The armed forces chiefs, headed by army commander General Faruk Gürler, present a memorandum to President Sunay demanding the installation of a "strong and credible government." The military leaders warn civilian officials that the armed forces will be compelled to take over the administration of the state once again unless a government is found that can curb the violence and implement the economic and social reforms, including land reform, stipulated in the 1961 constitution. Demirel resigns the same day. The incident is referred to as the "coup by memorandum." [16]
The coup is supported by the CIA who, "acting through the MIT (Turkish intelligence service) and the counter-guerrilla, promote right-wing psychological warfare terrorist actions to destabilise the Turkish government and to prepare the way for the military coup." They also assist in the coup itself because, according to former US diplomat Robert Fresco, the government had simply become incapable of containing the growing anti-US radicalism in Turkey. [9] [14] [15]
1973:
The elections give no overall majority to any party. No lasting coalition is formed. [16]
As in 1967 the Turkish government does not permit use of bases in Turkey for United States operations during the Arab-Israeli war. [16]
1974:
July - President of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios III, demands withdrawal of Greek army officers assigned to the National Guard on the well-founded charge that they are using their position to subvert his government. In reaction, Athens engineers an anti-Makarios coup, which is carried out successfully by conspirators planning union with Greece. In Ankara, Prime Minister Ecevit condemns the coup as constituting a direct threat to Cyprus's Turkish minority. [16]Some 30,000 Turkish troops, supported by air and naval units, are dropped or landed on Cyprus in the Kyrenia area and advance toward Nicosia, the Cypriot capital. A UN ceasefire comes into effect on July 22nd. [16]
August - Talks at Geneva break down and Turkish troops on Cyprus advance, taking control of all territory north of a line running from Lefka in the west to Famagusta in the east. [16]
February - Turkish Federated State of Cyprus is established in the northern region with Denktas as president. [16]
The United States Congress imposes an arms embargo on Turkey on the grounds that United States-supplied military equipment had been used illegally during the Cyprus operation. The executive branch of the US government opposes this embargo. [16]
March - Five right of center parties form a minority coalition government under Demirel's premiership. [16]
1976:
Earthquake kills more than 5,000 people in western Van province. [1]
1977:
The CHP wins the elections but not by sufficient margin to form a single party government. It fails to form a coalition. At length opposition leader Demirel puts together another right of center government, but it soon proves unworkable. Also groups indentified with one of the coalition partners, the MHP, are among the principal instigators of the mounting political violence. On the last day of 1977, the Demirel government is defeated on a vote of confidence in which a dozen AP deputies side with the CHP opposition. The party leaders having ruled out a "grand coalition," President Korutürk turns to Ecevit to lead a new government, which is backed by a four-seat parliamentary majority.[16]The economy is in crisis inflation has reached about 50% and unemployment is officially estimated to be about 30%. [16]
The Ecevit administration is crisis-ridden from the start. The prime minister's attempt to combine regard for civil liberties with tougher law-and-order measures satisfied no one, least of all the military and the police. In December 1978, the government is forced to proclaim martial law in thirteen provinces in reaction to a serious outbreak of sectarian violence. [16]
IMF restructuring plans and austerities have a further detrimental effect on the economy. [16]
The Kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkeran Kurdistan--PKK), an armed Kurdish guerrilla organization, is founded by Abdullah Öcalan. [16]
1979:
April - The calm imposed by martial law is only temporary, and the government extends legal restrictions. [16]October - Ecevit resigns after the CHP loses ground to the AP in by-elections, and advises President Korutürk to summon Demirel to replace him. Demirel rejects Ecevit's subsequent proposal for a "grand coalition" and chooses instead to put together a technocratic government whose members are selected for their competence rather than their political affiliation. Subsidies to state enterprises are reduced as part of a plan for restructuring, but attempts to rationalize the workforce and control labor costs are challenged by the trade unions in a series of strikes. Demirel counters by extending martial law still further, imposing severe curbs on union activity, and restricting public assembly. Meanwhile, military leaders make no secret of their uneasiness at the growing influence that religious sectarianism is having on politics in obvious defiance of the constitution. [16]
April - President Korutürk's seven-year term in office expires. After 100 ballots, the joint session of the Grand National Assembly fail to agree on a successor. Korutürk retires on schedule, and the chairman of the Senate, Ihsan Sabri Çaglayangil, is installed as acting president of the republic. Çaglayangil can do little more than provide the signature necessary for the enactment of legislation. [16]
September - On September 5, Ecevit aligns the CHP with Erbakan and his NSP to force the resignation of Demirel's foreign minister, Hayrettin Erkman, whose strongly pro-Western views have won him the approval of General Staff officers. The next day, the NSP sponsors a massive rally at Konya, where Islamists (also seen as fundamentalists) demonstrate to demand the reinstatement of Islamic law in Turkey, reportedly showing disrespect for the flag and the national anthem. These acts are regarded as an open renunciation of Kemalism and a direct challenge to the military. [16]
In the early morning hours of September 12, the armed forces seize control of the country. There is no organized resistance to the coup; indeed, many Turks welcome it as the only alternative to anarchy. A five-member executive body, the National Security Council (NSC), is appointed. Composed of the service chiefs and the gendarmerie commander, it is headed by General Evren, who is recognized as head of state. On September 21, the NSC installs a predominantly civilian cabinet and names Bülent Ulusu, a recently retired admiral, prime minister. A 160-member Consultative Assembly subsequently is appointed to draft a constitution for what would become Turkey's Third Republic. [16]
As in 1971 the coup is supported by the CIA. "According to the ... journalist (Mehmet Ali Birand, the) US Secretary of State ... phoned (the US) President ... on the day of the coup to tell him: 'Your boys have done it. Those who were to intervene, have intervened.' One of the 'boys' was General Sahinkaya, Chief of the Air Force and one of the five members of the (junta's) National Security Council (NSC). He had a series of high-level meetings in Washington in the week preceding the military intervention." [9] [10] [14]
Martial law is extended to all the provinces. Suspected militants of all political persuasions as well as trade union and student activists are arrested, and party leaders are taken into custody along with a large number of deputies. Demirel and Ecevit are soon released but told to keep a low profile. When Ecevit begins to publish political articles, he is rearrested and jailed for several months. The Grand National Assembly is dissolved and its members barred from politics for periods of up to ten years. Political parties are abolished and their assets liquidated by the state. The trade unions are purged and strikes banned. Workers who were striking at the time of the coup are given substantial pay raises and ordered back to their jobs. [16]In 1997 Human Rights Watch reports that the use of torture increased after this coup and became widespread. [11]
US military assistance this year amounts to US$250 million, and economic aid to about US$200 million. [16]
Turkey's international reputation suffers as a result of charges of political repression, arbitrary arrest, imprisonment without trial, torture, and other human rights violations. West European governments appeal to the military regime to restore parliamentary rule, and a portion of the OECD's relief package for Turkey is withheld. The European Community also suspends financial assistance, and Turkish delegates are denied their seats in the assembly of the Council of Europe. [16]
The United States, unlike European countries, does not, now or at other times, persistently and publicly criticize Turkey over allegations human rights violations. [16]
The performance of the Turkish economy improves significantly in the first two years after the military intervention.[16]
1982:
New constitution creates seven-year presidency, and reduces parliament to single house. [1] [16]
1983:
March - A new law on political parties is issued, which includes a ten-year ban on all politicians active in the pre-September 1980 period. Parties are invited to form so as to contest parliamentary elections later in the year but are required to receive approval from the military rulers. Of fifteen parties requesting certification, only three receive approval: the Motherland Party (Anavatan Partisi--ANAP), the Populist Party (Halkçi Partisi--HP), and the Nationalist Democracy Party (Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi--MDP), the latter being the clear favorite of the military. [16]
A detachment of NATO's Airborne Early Warning Force is installed at the Konya Air Base in southwestern Turkey.[16]
November - General election won by Turgut Ozal's Motherland Party (ANAP). [1]Turkey recognises "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus." [1]
March - Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) launches separatist guerrilla war in southeast. [1] [16]
The 1997 Human Rights Watch report on Turkey's use of torture also notes the the PKK's human rights abuses in its fight with Turkey. [11]
1986:
The assembly repeals the provisional article of the constitution that would have banned some politicians from political activity until 1991. [16]The EC restores economic aid and permits Turkey to reoccupy its seats in European deliberative councils. [16]
November - Elections see the ANAP retain a majority in the assembly, but only because of amended election laws. [16]
March - Greece and Turkey nearly come to blows over oil-drilling rights in the Aegean Sea. [16]
Turkey applies for full EEC membership. [1]
Turkey bombs Iraqi Kurdish villages that Ankara claims are bases for PKK guerrillas. [16]
1989:
October - parliament elected Özal Turkey's eighth president. [16]August - The Turkish government moves quickly to support UN sanctions against Iraq, on August 7 stopping the flow of oil through the pipeline from Iraq to Turkey's Mediterranean coast. [16]
September - The assembly votes to allow foreign troops onto Turkish soil and to authorize Turkish troops to serve in the Persian Gulf. [16]
Turkey allows US-led coalition against Iraq to launch air strikes from Turkish bases. In addition, Turkish troops are deployed along the Turkish-Iraqi border, although Ankara insists that it does not intend to open a second front against Iraq and that it remains committed to Iraq's territorial integrity. [1] [16]
In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, Iraqi Kurds attempt to throw off the rule of Saddam Husayn in northern Iraq, following encouragement by United States officials. The uprising, which fails to receive support from the allied coalition, is quickly crushed, leading a massive number of Iraqi Kurdish civilians to seek safety in Iran and Turkey. The Turkish government is unable or unwilling to permit several hundred thousand refugees to enter the country. The coalition allies, together with Turkey, propose the creation of a "security zone" in northern Iraq. By mid-May 1991, some 200,000 Kurdish refugees have been persuaded to return to Iraq. [16]
1991:
United States use of Turkish military installations during the bombing of Iraq leads to antiwar demonstrations in several cities, and sporadic attacks on United States facilities continues in 1992 and 1993. [16]
The US raises military aid to US$500 million this year. [16]
Starting this year PKK guerrillas from camps in Syria, Iran, and Iraq, as well as from inside Turkey itself, attack Turkish military and police outposts and target civilian community leaders and teachers. [16]April - Law 2932, passed in 1983 (declaring the mother tongue of Turkish citizens to be Turkish), is repealed, thereby legalizing Kurdish speech, song, and music. [16]
October - Parliamentary elections see power pass from the Motherland Party to its major rival, the True Path Party.[16]
1992:
20,000 Turkish troops enter Kurdish safe havens in Iraq in anti-PKK operation. [1]
Turkey joins Black Sea alliance. [1]
October - Iraqi Kurds and the Turkish army carry out a joint offensive against PKK bases in Iraqi Kurdistan, forcing the surrender of more than 1,000 PKK fighters. [16]
1993:
April - President Özal dies suddenly of a heart attack. [16]May - Tansu Ciller becomes Turkey's first woman prime minister, and Demirel elected president. [1] [16]
Ceasefire with PKK breaks down. [1]
The PKK target villages known to be sympathetic to the government, murdering state officials, teachers, government collaborators, and paramilitary village guards. In an especially cruel incident in May that ends a two-month cease-fire announced by the PKK, a PKK unit executes thirty unarmed military recruits after ambushing several buses.[16]
US Congress approves US$450 million military aid, but shifts the financing from grants to loans. [16]
Increased numbers of security forces are mobilized against the Kurds in a government campaign of mounting intensity. One government strategy is forced evacuation and in a number of instances burning some 850 Kurdish villages to prevent them from harboring PKK insurgents. Although militarily successful, the evacuations cause great hardship to the villagers. [16]
As the Turkish government steps up its actions against the Kurds, the UK steps up its arms exports to Turkey; £68 million worth in 1994 and peaking at £107 million in 1996. In the next four years the Turkish government destroys 3,500 Kurdish villages, makes at least 1.5 million people homeless and internally displaces and kills untold thousands. [4]
Human Rights Watch reports on the state control of women's virginity in Turkey, including the use of virginity examinations. [12]
The United States Congress holds back 10 percent of the funds appropriated for Turkey until the Department of State can verify improvement of Turkey's human rights record and progress on confidence-building measures in Cyprus. Turkey considers this interference in its internal affairs and makes no effort to have the funds restored. Despite this reduction, US$405 million in low-interest loans are approved. [16]
1995:
Major military offensive launched against the Kurds in northern Iraq, involving some 35,000 Turkish troops. [1]
The US and UK allow this operation in the "no fly zone". [2]
Ciller coalition collapses. Pro-Islamist Welfare Party wins elections but lacks support to form government - two major centre-right parties form anti-Islamist coalition. [1]Turkey enters EU customs union. [1]
1996:
Centre-right coalition falls. Welfare Party leader Necmettin Erbakan heads first pro-Islamic government since 1923.[1]Coalition resigns after campaign led by the military, replaced by a new coalition led by the centre-right Motherland Party of Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz. [1]
The USA hugely increases its military aid to Turkey. Turkey soon becomes the third largest recipient of US arms, after Israel and Egypt. [6]
April - The UN High Commissioner for Refugess witnesses oppressed Kurds crossing the border from Turkey into Iraq to seek sanctuary. One refugee, Ahmet Vurgun, states: ‘We are not saying Saddam is totally respectful of human rights, but he is the one who is supporting us. Saddam is better than the UN and he is much better than Turkey.’ [17]
May - Turkey mounts another operation against the Kurds in Northern Iraq. As before this operation within the "no fly zone" is permitted by the US and UK, this time with 50,000 troops. [2]
1998:
January - Welfare Party - the largest in parliament - banned. Yilmaz resigns amid corruption allegations, replaced by Bulent Ecevit. [1]
Turkey mounts another operation against the Kurds in Northern Iraq. As before this operation within the "no fly zone" is permitted by the US and UK, this time with 10,000 troops. [2]
The PKK renounces its armed struggle. [4]
February - PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan captured in Kenya. [1]
The UK closes down the Kurdish TV station MED-TV alleging it encourages violence and is financed by the PKK. [4][5]
July - Ocalan receives death sentence, later commuted to life imprisonment. [1]August - Devastating earthquake with epicentre at Izmit in Turkey's heavily populated northwest kills 17,000 people.[1]
November - Second quake in same region kills hundreds more. [1]
2000:
Ahmet Necdet Sezer takes over from Suleyman Demirel as president. [1]
Turkey mounts further attacks on the Kurds in Northern Iraq. They bomb villages. When these attacks occur US and UK pilots patrolling the region are ordered to return to base, thus allowing the attacks to proceed unhindered. [2]
UK arms exports to Turkey reach £179 million this year. Some military and police officers are also trained in the UK. All this despite Turkey's ongoing human rights abuses as noted by Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and others. [4]
The European Court of Human Rights notes that security forces are responsible for house destruction, torture, 'disappearance' and extra- judicial execution in the South East of the country. [4]January - Diplomatic row with France after French National Assembly recognises the killings of Armenians under the Ottoman Empire as genocide. [1]
March - RAF pilots patrolling the "no fly zone" in Northern Iraq, complain that they are being ordered to return to their bases in Turkey when the Turkish air force wants to bomb the Kurds in Iraq. The Turkish air force bombs the villages of the very people that the RAF is supposed to be protecting. [2]
May - European Court of Human Rights finds Turkey guilty of violating the rights of Greek Cypriots during its occupation of northern Cyprus. [1]June - Constitutional Court bans opposition pro-Islamic Virtue Party, saying it had become focus of anti-secular activities. New pro-Islamist party Saadet is set up by former Virtue Party members in July. [1]
November - British construction firm Balfour Beatty and Impregilo of Italy pull out of the controversial Ilisu dam project. Swiss bank UBS follows suit in February 2002. [1]
2002:
January - Turkish men are no longer regarded in law as head of the family. The move gives women full legal equality with men, 66 years after women's rights were put on the statute books. [1]March - Turkish and Greek governments agree to build a gas pipeline along which Turkey will supply Greece with gas. [1]
July - Pressure for early elections as eight ministers including Foreign Minister Cem resign over ailing PM Ecevit's refusal to step down amid growing economic, political turmoil. Cem launches new party committed to social democracy, EU membership. [1]
August - Parliament approves reforms aimed at securing EU membership. Death sentence to be abolished except in times of war and bans on Kurdish education, broadcasting to be lifted. [1]
November - Islamist-based Justice and Development Party (AK) wins landslide election victory. Party promises to stick to secular principles of constitution. Deputy leader Abdullah Gul appointed premier. [1]
December - Constitutional changes allow head of ruling AK, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, to run for parliament, and so to become prime minister. He had been barred from public office because of previous criminal conviction. [1]
March - AK leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan wins seat in parliament. Within days Abdullah Gul resigns as prime minister and Erdogan takes over. [1]
Despite heavy financial inducements ($15bn in aid and loans) and political pressure from the USA, parliament decides not to allow deployment of US forces ahead of war in Iraq, but does allow US use of Turkish air space. It authorises dispatch of Turkish forces into Kurdish areas of northern Iraq. Washington strongly criticises the Turkish government for being swayed by the wishes of the vast majority (95%) of the Turkish people. [1] [6] [8]
Now that the Turkish government has defied Washington's demands the West starts to speak of Turkish atrocities agains the Kurds, but not that that the US and UK supported them in this. [6]
May - More than 160 people, many of them schoolchildren trapped in a dormitory, die in an earthquake in the Bingol area. [1]June-July - Eyeing future EU membership, parliament passes laws easing restrictions on freedom of speech, Kurdish language rights, and on reducing political role of military. [1]
November - 25 people are killed and more than 200 injured when two car bombs explode near Istanbul's main synagogue. Days later two co-ordinated suicide bombings at the British consulate and a British bank in the city kill 28 people. [1]
2004:
January - Turkey signs protocol banning death penalty in all circumstances, a move welcomed in EU circles. [1]February - More than 60 people killed when apartment block in city of Konya collapses. [1]
March - At least two people killed in a suspected suicide attack on a building housing a Masonic lodge in Istanbul.[1]
May - PKK says it plans to end a ceasefire because of what it calls annihilation operations against its forces. [1]
June - State TV broadcasts first Kurdish-language programme. [1]
Four Kurdish activists, including former MP Leyla Zana, freed from jail. [1]
Nato heads of state gather for summit in Istanbul. [1]
July - Three die in car bomb attack in southeastern town of Van. Authorities accuse the PKK of involvement which it denies. [1]
September - Parliament approves penal reforms introducing tougher measures to prevent torture and violence against women. Controversial proposal on criminalising adultery dropped. [1]
December - EU leaders agree to open talks in 2005 on Turkey's EU accession. The decision, made at a summit in Brussels, follows a deal over an EU demand that Turkey recognise Cyprus as an EU member. [1]
2005:
January - New lira currency introduced as six zeroes are stripped from old lira, ending an era in which banknotes were denominated in millions. [1]May - Parliament approves amendments to new penal code after complaints that the previous version restricted media freedom. The EU welcomes the move but says the code still fails to meet all its concerns on human rights.[1]
June - Parliament overturns veto by secularist President Sezer on government-backed amendment easing restrictions on teaching of Koran. [1]
July - Six killed in bomb attack on a train in the east. Officials blame the PKK. [1]
Explosion on minibus in resort town of Kusadasi kills at least four people. [1]
October - EU membership negotiations officially launched after intense bargaining. [1]
November - Multi-billion-dollar Blue Stream pipeline carrying Russian gas under the Black Sea to Turkey opens in the port of Samsun. [1]
2006:
March - 14 suspected Kurdish rebels killed by security forces. [1]April - At least a dozen people are killed in clashes between Kurdish protesters and security forces in the south-east. Several people are killed in related unrest in Istanbul. [1]
May - Islamist gunman opens fire in Turkey's highest court, killing a prominent judge and wounding four others. [1]
July - Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline opened at ceremony in Turkey. [1]
August-September - Bombers target resorts and Istanbul. Shadowy separatist group Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (TAC) claims responsibility for some attacks and warns it will turn "Turkey into hell". [1]
30 September - Kurdish separatist group, the PKK, declares a unilateral ceasefire in operations against the military. [1]
October - The French government makes it illegal to deny that the Armenians suffered genocide at the hands of Turkey in 1915. [7]
US and UK Government International Intervention Since 1945: Turkey Bibliography
Turkey Bibliography
2: John Pilger, The New Rulers of the World, 2003
3: William Blum, Killing Hope, 2003
4: Mark Curtis, Web of Deceit, 2003
5: Peter Feuilherade, Med TV: 'Kurdistan in the sky', 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/monitoring/280616.stm, accessed on 20th October 2006
6: Noam Chomsky, Hegemony or Survival, 2003
7: Robert Fisk, Let Me Denounce Genocide from the Dock, 2006, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article15304.htm, accessed on 27th October 2006
8: Turkey Upsets US Military Plans, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2810133.stm, accessed on 27th October 2006
9: Husayn Al-Kurdi, The CIA in Kurdistan, 1996, http://www.zmag.org/zmag/articles/dec96kurdi.htm, accessed on 27th October 2006
10: John Tirman, The Military Coup in Turkey, 1980, 1997, http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/military_coup_in_turkey.htm, accessed on 27th October 2006
11: Turkey: Torture and Mistreatment in Pre-Trial Detention by Anti-Terror Police, 1997, http://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/turkey, accessed on 27th October 2006
12: A Matter of Power: State Control of Women's Virginity in Turkey, 1994, http://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/turkey, accessed on 27th October 2006
13: Lucy Komisar, Turkey's Terrorists: A CIA Legacy Lives On, 1997, http://www.totse.com/en/politics/terrorists_and_freedom_fighters/ciaturkt.html, accessed on 27th October 2006
14: Desmond Fernandes and Iskender Ozden, United States and NATO inspired 'psychological warfare operations' against the 'Kurdish communist threat' in Turkey, 2001,http://www.variant.randomstate.org/12texts/Fernandes.html, accessed on 27th October 2006
15: Daniele Ganser, Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies, 2004, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/collections/coll_gladio.htm, accessed on 27th October 2006
16: A Country Study: Turkey, 1995, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/trtoc.html, accessed on 27th October 2006
17: Grant Wakefield, The Fire This Time, 2000, http://homepages.nildram.co.uk/~gw/chronoindex.htm, accessed on 16th March 2007
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