Houston, Texas
In 1999, the French Parliament commissioned an
extensive and thorough investigation of global money-laundering. After
publishing reports on Liechtenstein, Monaco and Switzerland, it also
produced a report titled, The City of London, Gibraltar and the Crown
Dependencies: Offshore Centers and Havens for Dirty Money, part of which
was an addendum titled, The Economic Environment of Osama bin Laden.
The report concluded that up to forty British banks, companies and
individuals were associated with bin Laden’s network, including
organizations in London, Oxford, Cheltenham, Cambridge and Leeds.
[1]
In introducing the report, Arnaud Montebourg, a French Member of
Parliament concluded, “Tony Blair, and his government, preaches around
the world against terrorism. He would be well advised to preach to his
own bankers and oblige them to go after dirty money... Even the Swiss
co-operate more than the English.”
[2]
Bush and
Crown Prince
Adbullah of Sauid Arabia
Implicated
in the report was Khalid bin Mahfouz, the largest shareholder of BCCI,
and important figure within the Saudi government, with extensive
business ties to the Bush family and the CIA. Nevertheless,
representatives of bin Mahfouz later managed to argue that the report
was in fact prepared by Jean-Charles Brisard, author of Forbidden Truth,
and not French intelligence. Bin Mahouz has begun libel proceedings
against Brisard, claiming that he has made unfounded and defamatory
allegations.
[3]
Similarly, bin Mahfouz has also successfully
acquired retractions from Fortune Magazine, the Washington Post and USA
Today, for allegations he had ties with terrorist financing. James
Woolsey, former Director of CIA, testified to a congressional
sub-committee, that Khalid Bin Mahfouz was bin Laden’s brother-in-law,
but when it was found that he had mispronounced the name, he was forced
to retract his statement, claiming that he was no longer sure if the
information he was provided was accurate.
Nevertheless,
the authors of Forbidden Truth provide the following information which
is accurate:
Khalid bin
Mahfouz
Khalid bin Mahfouz was a key figure in the Bank
of Credit and Commerce International, or BCCI, affair. Between 1986 and
1990, he was a top executive there, holding the position of operational
director. His family held a 20 percent share in the bank at the time.
He was charged in the United States in 1992 with tax fraud in the bank’s
collapse. In 1995, held jointly liable in the BCCI’s collapse, he
agreed to a $245 million settlement to pay the bank’s creditors,
allowing them to indemnify a portion of the bank’s clients. The specific
charges against the bank were embezzlement and violation of American,
Luxembourg and British banking laws.
[4]
Salem bin
Laden
In 2002, an investigation did
find that charitable contributions had been made by bin Mahfouz for the
purpose of funding bin Laden.
[5]
Nevertheless, bin Mahfouz had maintained close business relationships
with the Bush family. First of all, during the 1980’s, bin Mahfouz’s
banking syndicate performed major CIA-inspired banking operations for
such former CIA assets as Osama bin Laden, as well as for Saddam
Hussein, Manuel Noriega and other drug dealing generals, such as in
Pakistan.
[6]
However, when Salem bin Laden, head of the
wealthy Saudi Arabian family, and one of seventeen brothers to Osama bin
Laden, died in 1988, Khalid bin Mahfouz inherited his interests in
Houston. Salem was described by a French secret intelligence report as
one of two closest friends of Saudi Arabia’s King Fahd, who often
performs important missions for Saudi Arabia.
[7]Salem’s
sole U.S. business representative had been James Bath, who then ran a
business for bin Mahfouz, and joined a partnership with he and Gaith
Pharaon, BCCI’s frontman in Houston.
Ghaith
Pharaon
James Bath had extensive
ties both to the bin Laden family and major players in the BCCI. Time
magazine described Bath, in 1991, as “a deal broker whose alleged
associations run from the CIA to a major shareholder and director of the
Bank of Credit & Commerce.”
[8]
Bath was recruited in 1976 by then CIA Director, George Herbert Bush,
to create offshore companies to move CIA funds and aircraft between
Texas and Saudi Arabia.
[9]
One of James Bath’s former business partners,
Charles W. “Bill” White, a former Annapolis graduate and United States
Navy pilot, claimed that Bath was involved in a secret conspiracy to
funnel Saudi money into the United States. He also claimed that, since
1976, Bath had worked as a CIA liaison to Saudi Arabia. Until the early
90s, Bath was also involved with Bin Mahfouz in their company, Southwest
Airport Services, refuelers of the presidential plane, Air Force One,
when the president was in Houston.
[10]
James Bath
Bath also operated Skyway Aircraft Leasing
Ltd., an aviation business based in the Cayman Islands, owned by bin
Mahfouz. First, within a month of its incorporation, the temporary board
at Cotopax named Bath as company president, changed the company name to
Skyways and then resigned en mass, leaving Bath as a sole director. One
of the original subscribers to Cotopax, a company called Cayhaven
Corporate Services, Ltd., was also a subscriber to “I.C., Inc.”. In
reality, IC Inc. was the same entity as ICIC, which is the International
Credit and Investment Corporation of Grand Caymans, termed BCCI’s
“bank-within-a-bank” in the Kerry Committee report. Thus, James Bath’s
Skyways Aircraft Leasing is an enterprise related to Mahfouz’s BCCI via
“IC Inc.” The company was found by investigators to be at the very
center of a chart found in Oliver North’s White House safe, showing the
banking network of the Iran-Contra operation.
[11]
Willilam
Colby
Bath was a close family
friend of George W. Bush. In the early 1970s, the two flew fighter jets
together in the Texas Air National Guard. In 1979, Bush’s first
business, Arbusto Energy, obtained financing from Bath. As one of many
investors, including Bildeberger George Ball, Bath gave Bush fifty
thousand dollars for a five percent stake in Arbusto. In the Outlaw
Bank, Beaty and Gwynne suggest that Bath’s investment in Arbusto may
have belonged to bin Mahfouz, since young George Bush “had no
substantial money of his own at the time.”
After several transformations, Arbusto emerged in 1986 as Harken
Energy Corporation. The father of Harken’s chairman, Alan Quasha, was
Manila-based attorney William Quasha, who advised executives of the
defunct and scandal-ridden Nugan Hand Bank in Australia, which had
employed a number of former high-ranking CIA and Pentagon officials.
According to a 1983 Australian government report, and the Wall Street
Journal, Nugan Hand Bank was involved in money laundering for
international heroin syndicates and secretly aided U.S. covert
activities, while former CIA director, William Colby, was its attorney.
Some of the persons interacting with Nugan Hand Bank executives in the
1970s were later to become central figures in the Iran-Contra affair,
such as Richard Secord, Casper Weinberger, who was later pardoned by
former President Bush.
[12]
Caspar
Weinberger
Richard
Secord
In 1987, when Harken ran
into trouble, a 17.6 percent share was purchased by Saudi Sheik Abdullah
Taha Bakhsh, a business partner with Pharaon, while his banker was bin
Mahfouz.
[13]
Though Bush told the Wall Street Journal he had “no idea” BCCI was
involved in Harken’s financial dealings, the network of connections
between Bush and BCCI is so extensive that the Journal concluded by
stating: “The number of BCCI-connected people who had dealings with
Harken all since George W. Bush came on board raises the question of
whether they mask an effort to cozy up to a presidential son.”
[14]
Or even the president: Bath finally came under investigation by the FBI
in 1992 for his Saudi business relationships, accused of funnelling
Saudi money through Houston, in order to influence the foreign policies
of the Reagan and first Bush administrations.
In 1987, the original plan for Harken Oil and Gas was to obtain 25
million dollars in investment capital from the Banque de Commerce et de
Placements (BCP), a joint venture between the Union Bank of Switzerland
(UBS) and BCCI, as the controlling interest. The managing director of
BCP was Dr. Hartmann. The financing was brokered by Dr. Hartmann and
Bruce Rappaport. The InterMaritime Bank of Geneva and New York, which
was affiliated with a global network of many Mahfouz-connected banks,
around the Saudi National Commercial Bank, was also involved in multiple
covert CIA operations. Rappaport, a golfing buddy of then CIA director
William Casey’s, was deeply implicated in the BCCI affair, involving
secret accounts for illegal arms sales to Iran, partnered with Oliver
North.
[15]
Dr. Hartmann was also the chairman of the
Swiss affiliate of yet another criminal bank, the Italian Banco
Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL). According to the Congressional Record in
1992, BNL was alleged, by U.S. House Banking Committee Chairman Henry
Gonzalez, to have secured billions of dollars in illegally-used,
weapons-directed loans from the first Bush administration to Saddam
Hussein just prior to
Desert Storm.
[16]
Harken’s financing by BCP was structured by
Jackson Stephens of Little Rock, which, according to the Asian Wall
Street Journal, apparently did not comply with U.S. banking regulations.
Finally, in the course of restructuring the deal, UBS decided to sell
off its shares. Stephens found a new buyer for the UBS’s shares, Sheikh
Abdullah Bakhsh.
[17]
According to the 1992 Senate BCCI
investigation, however, the Bush Justice Department went to great
lengths to block prosecution of BCCI. The Senate probe determined that
federal officials repeatedly obstructed congressional and local
investigations, and for three years impeded attempts by Robert
Morgenthau, Manhattan district attorney, from obtaining critical
information. The Senate investigation concluded that, in 1990 and 1991,
the Bush Department, with Assistant Attorney General Robert Muller
taking the lead, consistently put forward the mistaken impression that
they were aggressively moving against the bank. However, the probe said
the Justice Department was actually interfering with “the investigation
of others through a variety of mechanisms, ranging from not making
witnesses available, to not returning telephone calls, to claiming that
every aspect of the case was under investigation in a period when
little, if anything, was being done.”
[18]
Prince Turki
al-Faisal
More incriminating is
the fact that, in 1996, French intelligence secretly monitored a meeting
of Saudi billionaires at the Hotel Royale Monceaus in Paris, with the
financial representative of al Qaeda, a key Saudi prince, and joined by
Muslim and non-Muslim arms dealers, to determine by how much to pay off
bin Laden. According to the author of Forbidden Truth, Jean-Charles
Brisard and reporter Greg Palast, Sheikh Abdullah Bakhsh and Khalid bin
Mahfouz were among approximately twenty people at the meeting, in
addition to Prince Turki al Faisal, and Iran-Contra operative Adnan
Khashoggi. Representatives of Mahfouz, however, deny his involvement,
and that he has ever attended a meeting with representatives of al
Qaeda. But again, Mahfouz has begun libel proceedings against Mr.
Brisard, claiming his allegations are unfounded.
[19]
The deal was that bin Laden not attack Saudi
Arabia. This is an arrangement that purportedly dates back to 1991. In
Why America Slept, Gerald Posner claims that a still classified US
intelligence report describes that this secret arrangement had been
established between bin Laden and Saudi intelligence minister, Prince
Turki al-Faisal, the Saudi Intelligence Minister.
[20]
The participants also agreed that bin Laden should be rewarded for
promoting Wahhabism in Chechnya, Kashmir, Bosnia, and other places.
[21]
The supposed “pay-off” is obviously an excuse
to reward bin Laden for a “job well-done”. In this way, bin Laden can
save face among his followers for failing to address the problems in
Saudi Arabia, despite the egregious extremes of the royal family, and
instead focus his invectives away from them, against the American
“crusaders”. Bin Laden has therefore had to alter his rhetoric so as not
to appear entirely hypocritical. As noted by Stephen Schwartz, in The
Two Faces of Islam, of the content of his “Declaration of War Against
America”, bin Laden’s complaints about the Saudis were “those of a
critic, not a revolutionary enemy.” He continues:
Throughout
bin Laden’s writings, one had the sense of someone going out of his way
not to say certain things. Those things involved the personalities of
the Saudi rulers. Since bin Laden continued to draw on financial
resources in the kingdom while living in Afghanistan and was in no
physical danger from Saudi hands, he could only be observing a policy of
discretion, not expressing fear. Bin Laden was not a major strategist;
he was an opportunistic improviser in the style of Hitler or Stalin.
Calling for action by the Saudi populace to expel U.S. troops, he
advised murdering Americans. But when he summoned Saudi citizens to
correct the policies of their government, he never called for killing or
other forms of terror against the Saudi rulers. Rather, he praised the
drafting of petitions to the king and he recommended that Saudi women
boycott American consumer goods. He was aggrieved by the failure of the
Saudi Army to serve ably in the Gulf War, but also by the destruction
inflicted on Iraq, which he exaggerated. Unlike the Saudi and other Arab
governments, he called for lifting the U.N. sanctions on Saddam Husayn.
[22]
If bin Laden were sincere, he would not accept
pay-offs from a cast of characters that not only hold close ties with
the most culpable of American “crusaders”, but who are the principal
instigators of the Lucifarian conspiracy to overthrow Islam. Rather,
Adnan Khashoggi, who is among the richest men in the world, and the arms
merchant at the center of the entire Iran-Contra operation, has been a
life-long friend of the bin Laden family. Adnan Khashoggi’s father was
the physician to Mohammed bin Laden, and got his start in business by
arranging a large truck import deal for Salem bin Laden. In 1985, bin
Mahfouz’s Saudi National Commercial Bank had loaned Khashoggi 35 million
dollars to purchase weapons to sell illegally to Iran, at the behest of
Oliver North.
[23]
The Neo-Nazis
Khashoggi had forged an association with Sheik
Kamal Adham, the front-man for BCCI, and the CIA, with the
incorporation of Barrick Gold, a Canadian company he founded with Peter
Munk. Barrick Gold was itself a spin-off of Barrick Resources
International (BRI), the nascent firm founded two years before, by
Kermit Roosevelt, to serve as a dummy business front for the CIA. The
company’s seed investors were Saudis with CIA ties, including Shiek
Kamal Adham, Adnan Khashoggi, and Prince Nawaf bin Abdul Aziz, a major
investor in Barrick, code-named “Tumbleweed” by his CIA contacts.
Khashoggi distanced himself from Barrick shortly after the Iran-Contra
scandal broke, but held onto his stock, tied up as collateral for
North’s arms transfers to Iran.
[24]
Youssef Nada
Prince Turki al-Faisal is also head of Faisal
Islamic Bank of Saudi Arabia, which has been named by Luxembourg banking
authorities as being directly involved in running accounts for bin
Laden. Faisal Bank was founded by Youssef Nada, naturalized Italian, and
a member of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and Gama al Islamiya. Nada
was another valued World War II Nazi. As a young man, he had joined the
armed branch of the “secret apparatus” of the Muslim Brotherhood, and
then was recruited by German military intelligence. When Grand Mufti
el-Husseini had to flee Germany in 1945, as the Nazi defeat loomed,
Youssef Nada is rumored to have been personally involved in arranging
through the SS his escape via Switzerland back to Egypt and then
Palestine.
[25]
Ahmed Huber
Nada served as president of Al Taqwa, an
international banking group. Al Taqwa, which literally means “Fear of
God,” had been channeling funds to Muslim extremist organizations around
the world, including Hamas in Palestine. Serving on the board of Nada
Management, a component of Al Taqwa, was Ahmed Huber, a neo-Nazi, and a
former journalist who converted to Islam, and changed his first name
from Albert. A well-known figure in European neofascist circles, Huber
“sees himself as a mediator between Islam and right-wing groups,”
according to Germany’s Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
[26]
Huber is also a member of a group calling itself Avalon, which claims
to be based on the “great Celtic tradition”, and at every solstice he
meets under the moon, in a forest grove, with a few hundred European
Druids, with whom he is preparing the “end of our decline”. With the
Thule Society, he works for the restoration of “greater Germany”.
[27]
Nada was appointed president by Francois
Genoud, who is believed to have founded and directed al Taqwa in its
support of terrorism, including Bin Laden.
[28]
Described by the London Observer as “one of the world’s leading Nazis”,
Genoud played a key role in the continuation of the Nazi Islamist
relationship.
[29]
He was a former associate of Otto Skorzeny in Algeria, and supposedly
helped finance the ODESSA network through his management of the hidden
Swiss treasure of the Third Reich, which had been stolen from Jews.
Genoud is also believed to have masterminded the 1972 hijacking of a
Lufthansa flight from Bombay by the Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine (PLFP).
[30]
Yeslam bin
Laden
In addition, Mahfouz’ Saudi
Investment Corporation (SICO) is partnered with the Saudi BinLaden
Group. SICO was covertly involved in supporting the Mujahideen in
Afghanistan during the late 1980’s, in connection with the
BCCI-controlled National Bank of Oman. Those responsible for arranging
SICO’s financing of Osama bin Laden were the top two InterMaritime Bank
executives, Alfred Hartmann of Harken and Bruce Rappaport, in addition
to William Casey.
[31]
The company is chaired by Yeslam bin Laden. Board members are Beatrice
Dufour, Baudoin Dunant and Tilouine el Hanafi. Lafour is Yeslam bin
Laden’s sister-in-law. She is of Iranian origin and is married to a
Swiss financier. Baudoin Dunant, one of French-speaking Switzerland’s
leading lawyers, is on the boards of over twenty companies in Geneva,
Fribourg, Morges, Nyons, etc. He received international publicity in
1983, when he represented Nazi banker Francois Genoud.
[32]
The Carlyle Group
Sami Baarma, a top
executive of the Saudi National Commercial Bank (NCB), sits on the board
of Mahfouz’s Middle East Capital Group (MECG), that had on its board,
Sheikh Bakhsh. In addition, Baarma sits on the board of the Carlyle
Group, which had former President George H. W. Bush as a senior advisor.
Carlyle is the eleventh largest military contractor in the U.S., and a
leading contributor to George W. Bush’s 2000 presidential campaign.
Former President George H.W. Bush has visited Saudi Arabia at least
twice to successfully court bin Laden family financing for the Carlyle
Group.
The Carlyle Group’s relationships
with prominent Saudis is particularly murky considering that, despite
assertions that Osama is estranged from the family, the documentary
records contradict the claim. According to the Wall Street Journal:
Among
its far-flung business interests, the well-heeled Saudi Arabian clan -
which says it is estranged from Osama - is an investor in a fund
established by Carlyle Group, a well-connected Washington merchant bank
specializing in buyouts of defense and aerospace companies. Through this
investment and its ties to Saudi royalty, the bin Laden family has
become acquainted with some of the biggest names in the Republican
Party. In recent years, former President Bush, ex-Secretary of State
James Baker and ex-Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci have made the
pilgrimage to the bin Laden family’s headquarters in Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia. Mr. Bush makes speeches on behalf of Carlyle Group and is senior
adviser to its Asian Partners fund, while Mr. Baker is its senior
counselor. Mr. Carlucci is the group’s chairman. Osama is one of more
than 50 children of Mohammed bin Laden, who built the family’s $5
billion business, Saudi Binladin Group, largely with construction
contracts from the Saudi government...
[33]
The long-time Chairman of the Carlyle Group,
Frank Carlucci, was not only a former Secretary of Defense in the Reagan
Administration, but a Deputy Director of the CIA during the Carter
Administration. As the Second Secretary in the US Embassy in the Congo
during the time of the reign and consequent assassination of Patrice
Lumumba, Carlucci was intimately involved in the US efforts to overthrow
Lumumba’s government. In 1974, Frank Carlucci headed the American CIA
operation to overthrow the Lisbon socialist government. He had been
Chief of Sears Roebucks international operations, an actual espionage
operation, and later a top official of the American intelligence.
Liberia and Sierra Leone
Sir Harry
Oppenheimer
A critical element in
the laundering of drug money is the use of gold and diamonds. Hong Kong,
the international hub of drug-money laundering, was under the financial
control of Israel’s largest finance house, Bank Leumi, which in turn is
under control of Barclay’s Bank, on whose board sat Henry Oppenheimer,
and the Oppenheimer family. Harry Oppenheimer, the manager of the
largest South African gold producer, Anglo-American, is also the
presiding manager of the De Beers corporation, originally created by
Cecil Rhodes, which runs the worldwide diamond cartel. The diamond
cartel sells raw diamonds to 300 secret, select customers, following
which the diamonds are sent to either Antwerp or Ashqelon, in Israel,
for cutting. The Israeli processing is financed by Bank Leumi, and the
Antwerp processing by the Banque Bruxelles-Lambert. The latter bank is
controlled by the Lambert family, the Belgian cousins of the
Rothschilds.
[34]
As revealed by Douglas Farah, in Blood From
Stones: The Secret Financial Network of Terror, since at least 1998, Al
Qaeda operatives were converting their funds by buying and reselling
millions of dollars in “blood diamonds” from the Revolutionary United
Front (RUF) terror organization in Sierra Leone, headed by Foday Sankoh.
The agent in the transactions was the brutal Charles Taylor, the
dictator in neighboring Liberia.
Foday Sankoh
Charles
Taylor
At the request of the
Liberian government, Charles Taylor had been arrested and imprisoned in
the U.S. in 1984. And yet, fifteen months later he mysteriously escaped
from the Plymouth House of Corrections, and made his way back to Liberia
to lead the revolt that toppled Doe. Taylor’s escape, which he has
hinted was carried out with the collaboration of the CIA, greatly
enhanced his reputation in Liberia as a “big man,” or a person protected
by a great foreign power.
[35]
Douglas Farah asked his source, “CR”, a member of Taylor’s entourage,
“Do fighters in the bush really offer human sacrifices and eat the
hearts of their victims to gain their strength?” CR didn’t blink an eye.
Yes he said, but only a few “really big men”, like Taylor, Foday
Sankoh, and their senior commanders carried out the practice because it
was such powerful magic. The main organ that gave one spiritual power
was the heart. So it was often roasted and eaten.
[36]
During the 80s, Taylor and Sankoh passed
through the terrorist training camps of the World Revolutionary
Headquarters in Lybia, operated by leader Colonel Muammar al Qadhafi.
Despite all his revolutionary and anti-Western rhetoric, Qadhafi is a
Freemason conspirator.
[37]
In 1980, when Ronald Reagan became president, the United States
government accused the Libyan government of sponsoring international
terrorism, and in 1986, ordered major bombing raids against so-called
“terrorist sites”, killing approximately sixty people, including
Qadhafi’s adopted daughter. However, according to Dr. Stoney Merriman,
former Public Affairs Chief of the US Marine Corps at the Pentagon, US
Special Forces ground troops had intercepted and protected Colonel
Qadhafi in order to prevent his injury during the bombing of his home.
The US soldiers were also tasked with protecting any other dignitaries
that were visiting Quaddafi.
[38]
Ibrahim Bah
Allegedly, Lybia retaliated in 1988 by bombing
Pan Am flight F 103, and putting that corporation into bankruptcy.
Though, Pan Am’s own investigation found that U.S. government employees
of the CIA had blown up the aircraft, to prevent a U.S. Army “hostage
rescue team” on board from blowing the whistle on a Syrian
heroin-dealing operation being used by the White House for its illegal
Iran-Contra weapons sales.
[39]
It was in Lybia that Taylor met Ibrahim Bah,
whom the FBI identify as the RUF’s main diamond dealer with Al Qaeda.
Also known by a host of aliases, Senegalese born Bah speaks fluent
French, Arabic, and English, as well as several local dialects. By the
late 80s, he had already fought in a Senegalese revolt, studied Muslim
theology in Egypt, trained in special warfare in Libya for four years,
and served with the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. After returning to Lybia,
he joined the Hezbollah in southern Lebanon and fought against Israel.
Returning to Lybia, he served as Quaddafi bodyguard and trainer.
Muammar al
Qadhafi
In 1998 Al Qaeda’s Abdullah
Ahmed Abdullah went to Liberia to set up the arrangement with Bah and
the RUF, for Al Qaeda to buy the illegal Sierra Leone diamonds on a
regular basis. The Bah network goes directly to Antwerp Belgium, the
world’s largest diamond center. Bah arranged for al Qaeda operatives to
buy all diamonds possible from the RUF, the Charles Taylor-supported
rebel army that controlled much of neighboring civil-war-torn Sierra
Leone. “The rebels used the cash from al Qaeda to buy the weapons. The
stones gave al Qaeda a fail-safe way to hide its assets outside banks
and other financial institutions,” writes Farah. “Belgian investigators
later traced $20 million through a single account they believe was used
by al Qaeda to purchase diamonds.”
[40]
The CIA has been reluctant to corroborate any
evidence of a link because it reflects badly on them. The US had used
Liberia as a main CIA base throughout the Cold War. Taylor himself was a
CIA informant for years, and the U.S. backed his anti-Doe activities in
the eighties and then his bid for power in the nineties.
[41]
This fact, and Liberia acting as a haven for Al Qaeda operatives, like
Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani, now being held in connection with the 1998
bombings of two US embassies in Africa, would explain why the United
States waited so long to support Taylor’s ouster, and continues to
refrain from using its influence to bring him before a UN war crimes
tribunal. Taylor, who was deposed last year, is living in exile in
Nigeria under a deal brokered by the United States.
As recently as June 2003, the FBI reported to the US General
Accounting Office that there was no al Qaeda presence in West Africa,
despite what intelligence and military officials said was a plan to
capture Ghailani, in the weeks after the September 11 attacks, using a
U.S. special forces team stationed in nearby Guinea. However, that
mission was called off, although it is unclear exactly why.
[42]
In the mean time, leaders of al Qaeda continued to receive Taylor’s
protection. “For some reason our intelligence people have been very
anxious to disprove this as happening, something that can’t be
disproven,” said Joseph Melrose, who was US ambassador to Sierra Leone
until September 2001.
[43]
Farah called Taylor’s Liberia “a Disneyland
for criminals,” where Israeli organized crime figures supplied weapons
to Hezbollah arms dealers, ex-Soviet planes could deliver merchandise
anywhere in the world, and everyone would be protected by Liberia’s
status as a sovereign nation. “The entire diamond operation”, notes Paul
Rasche, “depends on the complicity of Israeli diamond interests and of
the Israeli intelligence and mafia organizations, which dominate world
diamond trade.”
[44]
Victor Bout
(left)
The key figure in the entire
operation interfacing Al Qaeda, Sierra Leone’s RUF and Taylor’s Libya,
is retired Israeli army Lt. Colonel, Yair Klein. According to a report
in the Israeli newspaper, Yedioth Aharonoth, in 1996, Klein began a
contract to provide weapons and training in Taylor’s Liberia, and to the
RUF in Sierra Leone which controls the wealthy diamond district. Klein,
though ostensibly a retired and so-called rogue intelligence free
agent, enjoys the highest-level of protection from Israeli authorities.
In the early 90s, he trained the forces of the Colombian drug cartels in
assassination, bombings and other covert operations.
[45]
Involved in the Liberian diamond trade was
Victor Bout, a notorious Russian arms dealer originally from Tajikistan.
Bout supplied maintenance for Ariana Airways, Afghanistan’s national
airline, which was essentially taken over by al Qaeda, and began
transportation for their illegal trade network. Passenger flights became
few and erratic, and instead the airline began flying drugs, weapons,
gold and personnel mostly between Afghanistan, the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) and Pakistan. Finally, Ariana’s international flights were banned
in 1999 by order of the UN. The charter service, which operated with UN
authorization from November 2000 through January 2001, was provided by
the Flying Dolphin Airline, owned by Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed bin Saqr
al Nayhan, a member of the ruling family in Abu Dhabi, who used to be
the UAE ambassador to the United States. Flying Dolphin was registered
in Liberia, but had its operations in Dubai. A UN report called Zayed a
“close business associate of Bout.”
[46]
In 2002, the Belgian government, through
Interpol, issued a warrant for Bout, on charges of illegal weapons
trafficking. Though Interpol was told by the Russian government, “we can
say for sure Bout is not in Russia,” Bout was in the middle of taping a
two-hour interview for a Moscow radio station. Obstacles in arresting
him persisted, until the US suddenly backed off the case. Intelligence
officials said Bout flew US clandestine operatives into Afghanistan, as
well as badly needed ammunition and other supplies to the Northern
Alliance. In exchange, they said, his past activities would be ignored.
[47]
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